Abstract World health trends are focusing on a balanced food and beverage intake for healthy life. Refined deep-sea water (RDSW), obtained from deep-sea water collected
Abstract Deep-sea water (DSW) contains multiple minerals and is widely used as drinking water, for cosmetic purposes, and as seasoning. In this study, several types
Abstract The authors focus on water resources and the use of mineral waters in human nutrition, especially in the different stages of life, in physical
Abstract Various processed foods and beverages have been manufactured using deep seawater (DSW), desalted DSW (dDSW), and concentrated DSW in Japan. To confirm the safety
Abstract Mineral nutrients are fundamentally metals and other inorganic compounds. The life cycle of these mineral nutrients begins in soil, their primary source. Soil provides
Abstract Aquaporins are the intrinsic membrane proteins functioning as water channel to transport water and/or mineral nutrients across the biological membrane systems. In this research,
Abstract Although bottled water has become increasingly popular worldwide, few of these products have an optimal mineral profile. More than half (59%) of the commercial